The Psycho Stars Christian Bale - 967 Words

American Psycho stars Christian Bale, William Dafoe, Reese Witherspoon, and Josh Lucas. Patrick Bateman is a very wealthy man who in his own world believes he’s a murderer. He leads his secret life hiding it from the public that he is a serial killer. Throughout the movie Bateman seems to be losing control of his urges and begins to see things that might not be there. The movie ends leaving a doubt in our minds if Bateman was really a serial killer or was all the agony and pain all made up in his mind. In the movie Patrick Bateman displays signs of antisocial personality disorder which isn’t very common. A total of three percent of men have it and one percent of women. There are many symptoms that come along with the disorder, Being very aggressive to others physically and verbally, being irresponsible, uncontrollable lying and also a lack of remorse for actions that were done. Not all of these symptoms are very rare but being on the extreme end and having multiple of them can be signs for antisocial personality disorder. Many of the serial killers have been diagnosed with the disorder. Bateman does things very much out of impulse. He also is very aggressive and snaps on people. Through the movie he keeps killing people just because he has the urge to. He Kills a homeless man and his dog in an ally way. Later on in the movie he kills one of the people that he works with, using an axe he killed Paul in his house then made it look like he went on a trip toShow MoreRelatedNarci ssistic Personality Disorder And Patrick Bateman832 Words   |  4 PagesNarcissistic Personality Disorder and Patrick Bateman Overview For this psychological disorder analysis paper, I picked the movie American Psycho. American psycho is a 2000 American Canadian black comedy psychological thriller horror film directed by Mary Harron. The movie was based on Bret Easton Ellis’s novel with the same name. The movie was stars by Christian Bale playing the main character and the movie’s narrator, Patrick Bateman. The movie was set in New York City in the years of 1980s. The mainRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Wire 916 Words   |  4 Pagesor who is going to be left on the editing floor. But out of this rocky experience Carl has grown as an actor and understands the uncertainty of working as an actor. Another similar experience happened in the film â€Å"Out of the Furnace,† with Christian Bale (filmed in Pittsburgh and released in 2013). Carl commented that he had a great seven-minute speaking role in the movie. â€Å"It was only seven minutes, but it was powerful,† he said. But, in the end that seven minutes ended up on the editing floorRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Wire 922 Words   |  4 Pagesextra? After discussion and finagling, Carl was offered the role as Tyrese’s character’s friend. In the editing, Tyrese’s entire character was cut, as Carl’s character. The second experience happened while filming ‘Out of the Furnace’ with Christian Bale. â€Å"It was only a seven-minute scene, but it was powerful,† said Carl. His seven minutes of what might had been his personal Oscar winning scene, lay on the editing floor. Anyone with less passion and determination, might have walked away, defeated;Read MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 Pagesstructures in the north and the south, especially in the realm of kinship systems. Throughout the country, religious differences can be significant, especially between the Hindu majority and the large Muslim minority; and other Indian groups-Buddhists, Christians, Jains, Jews, Parsis, Sikhs, and practitioners of tribal religions--all pride themselves on being unlike members of other faiths. Urban-rural differences can be immense in the Indian Society. Nearly 74 percent of India s population dwells in villages

Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines Free Essays

Research Paper M.V. Sai Ram AP17110020010 Branch: ECEHYDRAULIC TURBINES:Abstract: The first part of the paper contains the choice of small turbines for run of the river power plants. We will write a custom essay sample on Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then a discussion is given on the optimization of the performance of different types of large turbines. Finally a discussion on the safety and necessary maintenance of turbines is given with special attention to bolt connections.A set of empirical equations has been developed which defines the peak efficiency and shape of the efficiency curve for hydraulic turbines as a function commissioning date for the unit, rated head, rated flow, runner speed, and runner throat or impulse turbine jet diameter. The aim of this investigation was to develop an environmentally friendly nano -hydraulic turbine utilizing waterfalls. A model of an impulse type hydraulic turbine constructed and tested with an indoor type waterfall to arrive at an optimum installation condition. Effects of an installation parameter, namely distance between the rotor and the waterfall on the power performance were studied. The flow field around the rotor was examined visually to clarify influences of installation conditions on the flow field. The flow visualization showed differences of flow pattern around the rotor by the change of flow rate and rotational speed of the rotor.Every single turbine is custom-designed specifically to meet the requirements of a hydroelectric power plant. Performance of a designed turbine is validated, to some extent, by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Field performance testing of hydraulic turbines is undertaken to define the head-power-discharge relationship that identifies the peak operating point of the turbine. This relationship is essential for the efficient operation of a hydraulic turbine. The art of hydraulic turbine design never stands still but always progresses. In recent years major emphasis has been on the materials of construction and on such features of design as will reduce maintenance work and costly outages in the field.LimitationsHydro power plant or we can say that hydraulic turbines are widely used from the last decades. It is an efficient renewable energy source. There are many up and downs. Hence there Some limitations as shown in below,1.It is a renewable energy source. Water energy can be used again and again.2.the running cost of turbine or less compare to other.3.It has high efficiency.4.It does not pollute environment.5.It is to maintain. How to cite Performance and Safety of Hydraulic Turbines, Papers

Case Study IKEA

Questions: 1. Investigate the vision and the strategy that is currently pursued by IKEA in the light of prescriptive versus emenrgent approaches to strategic planing? 2. Carry out a SWOT analysis for IKEA in relation with its competitors? 3. Critically assess the impact of the current strategic direction on the organisational structure of IKE? Answers: Introduction IKEA is one of the oldest and reputed companies that have been successfully serving the customers from different parts of the world. Due to an increase in the level of competition, the management has proposed to analyse the strategies that would improve the brand image and attract the clients. The vision and mission of IKEA has been to render quality services to the clients at a reasonably lower price. Strategic plan helps the management in analysing the challenges that can directly impact the performance of the company. The process includes drafting the best policies through which the changes in overpowering the level of competition can be drafted and implemented by the company. The company has introduced effective plans through which the sales can be improved. IKEA deals in the sales of various home products that are sold through the retail outlets that are located in different parts of the world. The furniture manufactured by the company is sold in flat boxes, which makes it quite unique. This has been one of the reasons that have contributed towards the increase of the sales of the products that has been manufactured by the company (Allen, Fournier, and Miller, 2006). 1. Vision and strategy of IKEA IKEA is a private company that specialises in the sales of home products like furnitures, bathroom accessories, and kitchen items. The company has retail stores in many parts of the world. Since its formation in the year 1943, the management has always amended the rules to serve the clients with the best buying options. The company has chain stores operating in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. The operational activities of the company have been divided into two parts, which are operations and franchising (Balmer, 2001a). Mission and vision of IKEA Vision of IKEA has been to create better every day for the clients. This was done by designing various products that would cater the needs of the buyers. The price offered to the buyers was affordable, and this made the company popular. Products sold by the company are eco-friendly, and is meant to benefit the users. Business idea of the company is to offer wide range of products that are exclusively designed by the manufacturers. The home furnishing product is less priced, as this would help in attracting maximum number of clients. IKEAs mission statement quotes that the products sold by the company would save money for the clients. Sales for the company has been planned to be increased through low priced products that can be used for multiple functional reasons. The designs are exclusively created by the manufacturers, and these factors give distinct features to the products sold by the company (Balmer, 2001b). Current strategies of IKEA IKEA has been one of the leading brand companies that have been selling quality and cheap products to the clients from different parts of the market. Through strategic planning, the company has been successful in entering into new markets. The management has proposed to accept the pricing strategies and product positioning factors through which the company can easily target the customers from different markets. Marketing strategy includes branding, through which the company create awareness about the products and services sold to the clients. The process includes implementing pricing method, through which the company plans to offer impressive priced services to the potential buyers from different markets. IKEA has adopted distinct business strategies that have enabled the company to develop. The current process includes creating strategy position for the products sold by IKEA. With the help of high quality of products and services, the company works towards developing product positio n. This would enable to create high value for the services rendered by IKEA. The company follows a combined strategy of innovative, value, experience, emotional, and benefits to the customers (Balmer, and Greyser, 2003). Present strategy for marketing The company follows branding theory, through which the design, value propositions, and implementing the positioning statement. IKEA has a reputed history of developing and selling quality and designer products to the clients from different parts of the market. The company provides required information to the potential buyers, as this will help in buying the products. Management of the company aims in providing accurate information to the clients, as this will help in making the better selection that will take care of the buyers need. The company has a simple logo, through which the products can be sold to the customers. Through this process, the company attempts to create a value for the products that is being sold to the clients. Value proposition has been created by the company by adopting and implementing an effective strategy for product distribution. With the help of such a method, the company proposes to reduce on the negative environmental impact that basically occurs due to the manufacturing process adopted by the management. The products are designed and presented to serve the needs of the customers. IKEA basically works towards creating brand image, which would help in approaching maximum number of clients from different markets (Berens, Riel, and Bruggen, 2005). The company aims to increase the efficiency of the products by introducing low priced products. Cost for selling the products are reduced by adopting lower transportation expenses. Perspective versus emergent approach for strategic planning In the emergent strategic management system, management actions are usually in the form of unintended style or pattern. The management of the company plans to adopt and implement effective strategies for drafting flexible plans. This is quite important for handling the changing market requirements and condition. The sales for the products are increased by analysing the needs of the clients, and implementing the right strategies for approaching the clients. The process includes developing positive relationship with the clients through effective communication method. Changing needs of the clients are analysed through market analysis. Through communication process, the company highlights the features of the services that have been rendered to the clients. The product range is one of the positive aspects of the company, through which the clients are attracted towards the products that has been sold by IKEA (Constantinides, 2006). The strategic factors help the company in analysing the problem and finding the solution to handle the sales for the management. IKEA has adopted tactical and formulated approach to handle the changing market needs of the customers. Strategic perspective plans are drafted after analysing the objectives of the company. The goals are defined and the steps that would be followed to accomplish the task is analysed. This would help the management in implementing positive steps that would increase the sales. The needs and preferences of the customers are analysed, so as to find the better methods to increase the goodwill of IKEA. Some of the strategic perspectives of the company include Introducing wide range of product options to the buyers Offering the products at the lowest possible price Retaining the clients, by offering or introducing lucrative loyalty programs (Demirdjian, and Turan, 2004). The company collects important information about the market strategies and the needs of the customers. Details include analysing the offers provided by the rival companies. The important information is collected from different reliable sources that include newspapers, journals, and financial magazines. Based on the collected information, the management draft effective policies for introducing customer driven market for attracting the clients. The promotional activities are undertaken through the conventional method, and modern process that includes social media (Erdem, Swait, and Valenzuela, 2006). 2. SWOT analysis of IKEA in relation to the competitors The competition in the industry has increased, and thus IKEA has planned to introduce better strategies for satisfying the needs of the potential buyers. IKEA is one of the leading brand names in the world that has been providing quality and reliable services to the clients. The prime objective of the company has been to provide attractive services that would save money and time for the buyers. IKEA has developed a strong business concept that offers lucrative offers for wide range of the products sold by the company. The demand for renewable products has increased and this has been one of the reasons for the increase in the sales for the company. Some of the competitors of the companies in the United States of America are Ashley Furniture, American Furniture Warehouse, and others. The services and the quality of the products sold by various companies depend upon the product verities and the price. SWOT or strength, weakness, opportunities, and threat analysis has been conducted to f ind the positive and negative aspects of the business house (Franzen, and Bouwman, 2001). Strengths Weakness Customer oriented services Improper publicity, that leads to negative advertisement analysis of the customers needs Quality factors Effective integration of the supply chain management system Standard products Wide range of products and services Increasing competition Brand building and reputed services Innovative products and services Opportunities Threats Constant expansion of the business to different parts of the world Increasing competition Effective strategies for online sales and marketing demand from the customers for lower priced goods and services Increase in the awareness of the products sold by the company demand for better products that would fit into the income group of the clients The company has to conduct the SWOT analysis to find the impact of the business due to the rival companies. These days, many companies strive towards manufacturing and sales of reliable products that would take care of the needs of the customers. The companies strive towards gathering the necessary information about the clients requirement. Such data are required as it would help the management to develop and implement effective strategies through which the business development plan can be introduced by the management. With the help of the information that has been collected by the company, the marketing team develop strategies that will influence the buyers. This is important from the sales improvement point of view. Thus, the company has introduced lower priced products that have stylish features. Such factors are meant to help the management in drafting the best possible strategies that would increase the sales. Through SWOT analysis, the company analyse the areas that needs to be worked upon for increasing the goodwill. The best practice process is also adopted and implemented by the company. This is meant to help in improving the performance of the company when compared to the competitors (Gioia, Schultz, and Corley, 2000). 3. Impact of current strategic factors on the organizational structure of IKEA The current strategic plan and organizational structure has positively helped the management to cope with the challenges that exists in the industry. Strategic position has been considered to be one of the most important factors, and the management has been able to retain the same. This has assisted in building positive brand image, for the management. Such factors are quite important for building positive relationship with the stakeholders. The level of competency level has been improved so as to cater the needs of the clients. In order to increase the level of sales and competition level, the company could work on the below mentioned factors 1. Introduce innovative products The Company specialised in introducing innovative products to the existing and potential clients. Eco-friendly products have been sold to the clients at a reasonably lower price (Gotsi and Wilson, 2001). 2. Brand image Through marketing mix, the company draft effective policies that would increase the sales for IKEA. Price, quality of the promotional activities, place to advertise, and products are analysed as this would help in building the brand image for the company. In this method, the expectations of the clients are analysed, as this will help in attracting the clients. 3. Analysing the customers need The structure has been designed to enable the customers to make the best selection that would help in improving the sales. In this method, the expectations of the customers are analysed. This would help the company in reaching maximum number of clients from different parts of the world (Gray and Balmer, 2001). Due to the changes made in the strategic plans, the manufacturing process for the furniture and accessories has been improved. The designs for the product are done in Sweden, and this has been proposed to keep the price of the products low. At present the company has suppliers in more than 50 countries, but still IKEA is working towards capturing larger share in the market. The strategic plan also includes developing and implementing an effective distribution method of the goods and services that has been manufactured by the company. There are more than 10,000 products that has been manufactured and sold through different suppliers across the world. In order to keep the transportation cost to the lowest possible extent, the company has introduced flat packaging system. This is meant to reduce on the purchase price, and secure the products while being transported to the clients (Hackley, 2003). In order to retain the clients, the company has introduced an effective loyalty based sales method for the existing clients. Through this method, the management proposes to reduce the price of the products and services by offering discounted price. Efforts have been made to introduce stylish products that would cater the needs of the clients. This is also essential to remain ahead in the competition, and the offers that have been provided by the rival companies. The durability factors and the value for the products are developed and communicated with the members. This has been done with an intention of increasing sales and customer satisfaction. Both the factors are necessary for successful business operational activities. In order to provide the best quality products and services to the clients, the company has hired an independent agency that would verify the quality of the products. This has been done with an intention of reducing the complaints that can impact the business perfor mance. The prime objective of the company is to ensure that maximum number of clients could purchase the products that have been sold by the company. For this, the supply chain management system, along with the supplier relations are improved. This is quite an important factor that would help the company to reach out to maximum number of clients, without losing much time and efforts on the same. Through such steps, the company also intends to gain an advantage over the rival companies that provides similar type of services. The products have been designed on the basis of DIY concept. This will help the users to design prediction and place it as per their needs. The company aims to provide maximum feasibility to the clients, as this has helped the business to develop. In order to increase the sales, the company has developed stores that can be easily reached by the clients (Hatch, and Schultz, 2000). The company takes feedback from the clients, as this would help in developing and implementing effective steps that would help in increasing the sales. The below mentioned changes has been introduced by the company 1. Introduction of global networking system 2. Sales of the products in larger volumes 3. Introduction of flat packages Maintain low costs for the products and services that have been intended to be sold by the company (Hatch and Schultz, 2001). Attempt is made to improve the efficiency of the products, and for this, the company introduced efficient method for transporting the products. IKEA is also involved in the activities for promoting innovative methods for architect field. For this, the company has assigned stipulated funds that would take care of the needs of the innovations. The company is also involved in different tasks that include managing charitable organizations and other activities. This has been planned and done for performing the social responsibility towards the community. The changes have been intended to be implemented after analysing the challenges and other factors that can directly affect the performance of the company. Social initiatives include getting involved in different social events that would benefit the clients and the community (Hatch and Schultz, 2003). Conclusion Marketing and operational strategies play an important role in the development of the company. Through branding, the company work towards building positive image about IKEA and the products that has been sold to the clients. Strengths and weakness of the company has to be analysed, as this will help in drafting the best policy that would cater the needs of the clients. The offers provided by the rival company have to be analysed, as this will help in introducing the best strategy that would help in implementing the changes that would help in improving the performance for the company. The company aims to become leaders in the manufacture of eco-friendly furniture and for this; the essential changes would have to be implemented by the company. The price and the quality of the products have been analysed, as this would help in approaching maximum number of clients from different parties of the world. References Allen C, Fournier S, and Miller F, 2006. Brands and their Meaning Makers, in C. P. Haugtvedt, P. M. Herr and F. R. Kardes (eds) Handbook of Consumer Psychology, Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Balmer J, 2001a. The three virtues and seven deadly sins of corporate brand management, Journal of General Management, 27 (1): 117. Balmer J, 2001b. Corporate identity, corporate branding and corporate marketing; seeing through the fog, European Journal of Marketing (special edition on corporate identity): 35 (34): 24891. Balmer J, and Greyser S, 2003. Revealing the Corporation: Perspectives on Identity, Image, Reputation, Corporate Branding, and Corporate-level Marketing, London: Routledge. Berens G, Riel C, and Bruggen G, 2005. Corporate associations and consumer product responses: the moderating role of corporate brand dominance, Journal of Marketing, 69 (3) (July): 3518 Constantinides E, 2006. The marketing mix revisited: towards the twenty-first century marketing, Journal of Marketing Management, 22: 40738 Ries A, and Trout J, 2001. Positioning: the Battle for your Mind, New York: McGraw-Hill. Demirdjian Z, and Turan S, 2004. Perspectives in consumer behavior: paradigm shifts in prospect, Journal of American Academy of Business, March: 34853. Erdem T, Swait J, and Valenzuela A, 2006. Brands as signals: a cross-country validation study, Journal of Marketing, 70: 3449. Franzen G, and Bouwman M, 2001. The Mental World of Brands: Mind, Memory, and Brand Success, Henley on Thames: World Advertising Research Centre Gioia D, Schultz M, and Corley K, 2000. Organizational identity, image and adaptive instability, Academy of Management Review, 25 (1): 6381 Gotsi M, and Wilson, 2001. Corporate reputation management: living the brand, Management Decision, 39: 99104 Gray E, and Balmer T, 2001. The corporate brand: a strategic asset, Management in Practice, 4: 14 Hackley C, 2003. Doing Research Projects in Marketing, Management and Consumer Research, London: Routledge. Hatch, M. J. and Schultz, M. (2000) Scaling the tower of Babel: relational difference between identity, image and culture in organizations, in M. Schultz, M. J. Hatch and H. Larsen (eds) The Expressive Organization: Linking Identity, Reputation and the Corporate Brand, Oxford: Oxford University Press Hatch J, and Schultz M, 2001. Are the strategic stars aligned for your corporate brand? Harvard Business Review,129. Hatch M and Schultz M, 2003. Bringing the corporation into corporate branding, European Journal of Marketing, 37 (78): 104164 Hatch M, and Schultz M, 2008. Taking Brand Initiative: How Companies can align Strategy, Culture, and Identity through Corporate Branding, San Francisco: Wiley. Holt D, 2005. How societies desire brands: using cultural theory to explain brand symbolism, in S. Ratneshwar and D. G. Mick (eds) Inside Consumption: Consumer Motives, Goals, and Desires, London: Routledge. Hultman C, and Shaw E, 2003. The interface between transactional and relational orientation in small service firms marketing behavior: a study of Scottish and Swedish small firms in the service sector, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 11 (1): 11012. Karmark E, 2005. Living the brand, in M. Schultz, Y. M. Antorini and F. F. Csaba (eds) Corporate Branding: Purpose, People, Process, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press. Kirmani A, and Rao A, 2000. No pain, no gain: a critical review of the literature on signaling unobservable product quality, Journal of Marketing, 64 6679. Keller K, 2003. Brand synthesis: the multidimensionality of brand knowledge, Journal of Consumer Research, 595600. Keller L, 2005. Branding short cuts, Marketing Management, 14 (5): 1823. Keller K, and Lehmann D, 2003. How do brands create value? Marketing Management, 12 (3) 2631 Louro M, and Cunha P, 2001. Brand management paradigms, Journal of Marketing Management, 17: 84975 Martin J, 2002. Organizational Culture: Mapping the Terrain, Thousand Oaks C A: Sage Publications Mitchell A, 2004. Getting staff to live the brand: work in progress, Marketing Week, 2 September: 30 Mitchell C, 2002. Selling the brand inside: you tell customers what makes you great. Do your employees know? Harvard Business Review, 99-106. Olins W, 2001. How brands are taking over the corporation, in M. Schultz, M. J. Hatch and M. H. Larsen (eds), The Expressive Organization: Linking Identity, Reputation and the Corporate Brand, Oxford: Oxford University Press Schroeder J, and Salzer-Morling M, 2006. Brand Culture, London: Routledge 18 Setting the sceneSimon, C. J. and Sullivan, M. W. (1993) The measurement and determinants of brand equity: a financial approach, Marketing Science, 12 (1): 2852. Schultz M, Antorini Y, and Csaba F, 2005. Corporate Branding: Purpose, People, Process, Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press Shultz D, 2001. Marketers: bid farewell to strategy based on old Four Ps, Marketing News: American Marketing Association, 12. Vargo S, and Lusch R, 2004. Evolving a new dominant logic for marketing, Journal of Marketing, January: 117. Vallaster C, and Chernatony L, 2005. Internalisation of services brands: the role of leadership during the internal brand building process, Journal of Marketing Management, (21): 181203. Wipperfrth A, 2005. Brand Hijack: Marketing without Marketing, New York: Portfolio.

Myra Estrine Levine’s Conservation Theory Essay Example

Myra Estrine Levine’s Conservation Theory Paper This was the reason of choosing | |nursing as a career | |Also called as renaissance women-highly principled, remarkable| |and committed to patient’s quality of care | |Died in 1996 | | | |EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND | |Diploma in nursing:-Cook county SON, Chicago, 1944 | |BSN:-University of Chicago,1949 | |MSN:-Wayne state University, Detroit, 1962 | |Publication:-An Introduction to Clinical Nursing, 1969,1973 | |1989 | |Received honorary doctorate from Loyola University in 1992 | | | |CONSERVATION THEORY | | | |Central Theme: Empahasis is on the ill person in the | |healthcare setting; describes detailed nursing skills and | |actions | | | |Composition of Conservation Model | | | | | |1. Conservational model | |Goal: To promote adaptation and maintain wholeness using the | |principles of conservation | |2. Adaptation | |An ongoing process of change in which patient maintains his | |integrity within the realities of environment | |3. Wholeness | |Emphasizes a sound, organic, prog ressive, mutuality between | |diversified functions and parts within the entirety, the | |boundaries of which are open and fluid. |Exist when the interaction or constant adaptations to the | |environment permits the assurance of integrity | |Promoted by use of conservation principle | |4. Conservation | |The product of adaptation | |Keeping together of the life systems or the wholeness of the| |individual | |Achieving a balance of energy supply and demand that is within| |the unique biological realities of the individual | |Nursing’s paradigm/ Major Concepts | |1. Person | |A unique individual in unity and integrity, feeling, | |believing, thinking and whole system of system | |2.Environment | |Competes the wholeness of person | |Internal Environment | |Homeostasis: A state of energy sparing that also provide the | |necessary baselines for a multitude of synchronized | |physiological and psychological factors | |A state of conservation | |Homeorrhesis: A stabilized flow rathe r than a static state | |Emphasis the fluidity of change within a space-time continuum | |External Environment | |Preconceptual: Aspect of the world that individual are able to| |intercept | |Operational: Elements that may physically affects individuals | |but not perceived (e. g. adiation, micro-organism and | |pollution) | |Conceptual: Part of persons environment including cultural | |patterns characterized by spiritual existence, ideas, values, | |beliefs and tradition | |3. Person and environment | |Adaptation | |Characteristics: | |Historicity: Adaptations are grounded in history and await the| |challenges to which they respond | |Specificity: Individual responses and their adaptive pattern | |varies on the base of specific genetic structure | |Redundancy: Safe and fail options vailable to the individual | |to ensure continued adaptation | |Organismic response | |A change in behavior of an individual during an attempt to | |adapt to the environment | | | |There are four types: | |1. Flight or fight: An instantaneous response to real or | |imagined threat, most primitive response | |2. Inflammatory: response intended to provide for structural | |integrity and the promotion of healing | |3.Stress: Response developed over time and influenced by | |each stressful experience encountered by person | |4. Perceptual: Involves gathering information from the | |environment and converting it in to a meaning experience | |4. Health and Disease | |Health is a wholeness and successful adaptation | |It is not merely healing of an afflicted part ,it is return to| |daily activities, selfhood and the ability of the individual | |to pursue once more his or her own interest without | |constraints | |Disease: It is unregulated and undisciplined change and must | |be stopped or death will ensue | |5.Nursing | |The human interaction relying on communication ,rooted in the | |organic dependency of the individual human being in his | |relationships with other human beings | |Nurs ing involves engaging in human interactions | |Goal of Nursing | |To promote wholeness, realizing that every individual requires| |a unique and separate cluster of activities | |A theory of nursing must recognized the importance of detail | |of care for a single patient with in an empiric framework that| |successfully describe the requirement of the all patient | |Conservational models | |Conservational model provides the basis for development of two| |theories | |Theory of redundancy | |Theory of therapeutic intention | |1) Theory of redundancy | |Untested ,speculative theory that redefined ging and | |everything else that has to do with human life | |Aging is diminished availability of redundant system necessary| |for effective maintenance of physical and social well being | |2) Theory of therapeutic intention | |Goal: To seek a way of organizing nursing interventions out of| |the biological realities which the nurse has to confront | |Therapeutic regimens should support the follo wing goals: | |Facilitate healing through natural response to disease | |Provide support for a failing auto regulatory portion of the | |integrated system | |Restore individual integrity and well being | |Provide supportive measure to ensures comfort | |Balance a toxic risk against the threat of disease | |Manipulate diet and activity to correct metabolic imbalance | |and stimulate physiological process | |Reinforce usual response to create a therapeutic changes | |Conservational Principle | |1.Conservation of energy | |Refers to balancing energy input and output to avoid excessive| |fatigue | |includes adequate rest, nutrition and exercise | |Example: Availability of adequate rest | |Maintenance of adequate nutrition | |2. Conservation of structural integrity | |Refers to maintaining or restoring the structure of body | |preventing physical breakdown And promoting healing | |Example: Assist patient in ROM exercise | |Maintenance of patient’s personal hygiene | |3.Conservatio n of personal integrity | |Recognizes the individual as one who strives for recognition, | |respect, self awareness, selfhood and self determination | |Example: Recognize and protect patient’s space needs | |4. Conservation of social integrity | |An individual is recognized as some one who resides with in a | |family, a community ,a religious group, an ethnic group, a | |political system and a nation | |Example: | |Position patient in bed to foster social interaction with | |other patients | |Avoid sensory deprivation | |Promote patient’s use of news paper, magazines, radio.TV | |Provide support and assistance to family | |Nine models of guided assessment | |Vital’s signs | |Body movement and positioning | |Ministration of personal hygiene needs | |Pressure gradient system in nursing interventions | |Nursing determination in provision of nutritional needs | |Pressure gradient system in nursing | |Local application of heat and cold | |Administration of medicine | |Establishing an aseptic environment | |Assumption | |The nurse creates an environment in which healing could occur | |A human being is more than the sum of the part | |Human beings respond in a predictable way | |Human beings are unique in their responses | |Human beings know and appraise objects ,condition and | |situation | |Human beings sense ,reflects, reason and understand | |human beings action are self determined even when emotional | |Human beings are capable of prolonging reflection through such| |strategists raising questions | |A human being has unity in his response to the environment | |There is an order and continuity to life change is not random | |A human being respond organismically in an ever changing | |manner | |A theory of nursing must recognized the importance of detail | |of care for a single patient with in an empiric framework that| |successfully describe the requirement of the all patient | |A human being is a social animal | |A human being is an constant interaction with an ever changing| |society | |Change is inevitable in life | |Nursing Process | |Assessment | |Collection of provocative facts through observation and | |interview of challenges to the internal and external | |environment using four conservation principles | |Trophicognosis | Nursing diagnosis- gives provocative facts meaning | |Judgment is made about patient’s needs for assistance | |Hypothesis | |Planning | |Nurse proposes hypothesis about the problems and the solutions| |which becomes the plan of care | |Interventions | |Testing the hypothesis | |Interventions are designed based on the conservation | |principles | |Evaluation | |Observation of organismic response to interventions | |It is assesses whether hypothesis is supported or not | |supported | |If not supported, plan is revised, new hypothesis is proposed | |Uses | |Critical, acute or long term care unit | |Neonates, infant and young children, pregnant young adult and | |elderly care unit | |Primar y health care | |Community setting | |Implication | |a) Nursing | |The patient is the center of nursing activities, with nursing | |care provided based on four conservation principles to help | |patients adapt to their environment | |Nursing needs existing and emerging demands of self care and | |dependent care | |Nursing is associated with condition of regulation of exercise| |or development of capabilities of providing care | |b) Person | |Person is referred to as a holistic being who constantly | |strives to preserve wholeness and integrity.A person should | |strive to achieve or maintain his integrity within the | |realities of environment | |The individual integrity is his abiding concern and it is the | |nurse’s responsibility to assist him to defend and to seek its| |realization | |Every person possesses a unique adaptive ability based on | |one’s life experience which creates a unique message | |c) Society | |Society relates to environment, which has been defin ed as the | |one who competes the wholeness of person. Person should | |attempt to adapt to his/ her changing environment to achieve | |homeostasis using the four conservation principles. | |Strengths | |More comprehensive view incorporating total patient care | |Organized in such a way as to be sequential and logical. They | |can be used to explain the consequences of nursing action | |Simple yet generalizable. | |Easy to use . |It’s major elements are easily comprehensible and the | |relationship have the potential for being complex but are | |easily manageable | |Levine’s idea can be tested | |The principle of conservation are specific enough to be | |testable | |Levine’s ideas seem to be consistent with other theories, laws| |and principles particularly those from the humanities and | |sciences | |Limitations | |Not yet been widely researched | |Hard to determine the contribution to the general body of | |knowledge within the discipline | |Limited attention can be focused on health promotion and | |illness prevention. | |Nurse has the responsibility for determining the patient | |ability to participate in the care ,and if the perception of | |nurse and patient about the patient ability to participate in | |care don’t match, this mismatch will be an area of conflict. | |The major limitation is the focus on individual in an illness | |state and on the dependency of patient. | Summary Levine expressed the view that within the nurse-patient relationship a patient’s state of health is dependent on the nurse-supported process of adaptation †¢ This guides nurses to focus on the influences and responses of a client to promote wholeness through the Conservation Principles †¢ The goal of this model is to accomplish this through the conservation of energy, structural, personal and social integrity †¢ The goal of nursing is to recognize, assist, promote, and support adaptive processes that benefit the patient. SAMPLE C ASE: Mrs. MN, a wife of an abusive husband, underwent a radical hysterectomy. Post operatively has pain ,weight loss, nausea and inability to empty bladder . Patient has history of smoking and stays in house which is less than sanitaryAssessment †¢ Challenges to the internal env:-weight loss, nausea, loss of reproductive ability †¢ Challenges to the external env:-abusive husband, insanitary condition in home †¢ Energy conservation:-weight loss, nausea ,pain †¢ Structural integrity:-threatened by surgical procedure, inability to pass urine †¢ Personal integrity:-not able to give birth to more children †¢ Social integrity:-Strained relationship with husband Trophicognosis †¢ Inadequate nutritional status †¢ Pain †¢ Potential for wound and bladder infection †¢ Need to learn self catheterization †¢ Decreased self worth †¢ Potential for abuse Hypothesis †¢ Nutritional consultation Teaching and return demonstration of urinar y self catheterization †¢ Care of surgical wound †¢ Exploring concern regarding hysterectomy Interventions Energy conservation †¢ Provide medication for pain and nausea †¢ Allowing rest period Structural integrity †¢ Administrating antibiotic for wound, †¢ Teaching self catheterization Personal integrity †¢ Exploring her feeling about uterus removal while respecting her privacy Social integrity †¢ Assess potential abuse form husband †¢ Support to the family Organismic response †¢ Controlled pain †¢ Abdominal wound healing †¢ Improved appetite ,weight gain †¢ Clean urinary self catheterization †¢ Assistance from husband

Indirect Speech Definition and Examples

Indirect Speech Definition and Examples Indirect speech  is a report on what someone else said or wrote without using that persons exact words (which is called direct speech). Its also called  indirect discourse or reported speech.   Direct vs. Indirect Speech In direct speech, a persons exact words are placed in quotation marks and set off with a comma and a reporting clause or signal phrase,  such as said or asked. In fiction writing, using direct speech  can display  the emotion of an important scene in vivid detail through the words themselves as well as the description of how something was said. In nonfiction writing or journalism, direct speech  can emphasize a particular point, by using a sources exact words. Indirect speech is paraphrasing what someone said or wrote. In writing, it functions to move a piece  along by boiling down points that an interview source made. Unlike direct speech, indirect speech is  not  usually placed inside quote marks. However, both are attributed to the speaker because they come directly from a source. How to Convert In the first  example below,  the  verb  in the  present tense  in the line of direct speech (is)  may change to the  past tense  (was) in indirect speech, though it doesnt necessarily have to with a present-tense verb.  If it makes sense in context to keep it present tense, thats fine. Direct speech:  Where is your textbook? the teacher asked me.Indirect speech:  The teacher asked me  where my textbook was.Indirect speech: The teacher asked me where my textbook is. Keeping the present tense in  reported speech  can give the impression of  immediacy, that its being reported soon after the direct quote,such as: Direct speech:  Bill said, I cant come in today, because Im sick.Indirect speech:  Bill said (that) he cant come in today because hes sick. Future Tense An action in the future (present continuous tense or future)  doesnt have to change verb tense, either, as these examples demonstrate. Direct speech:  Jerry said, Im  going to buy a new car.Indirect speech:  Jerry said (that) hes going to buy  a new car.Direct speech:  Jerry said, I will buy a new car.Indirect speech:  Jerry said (that) he will buy a new car. Indirectly reporting an action in the future can change verb tenses when needed. In this next example, changing the  am going  to was going implies that she has already left for the mall. However, keeping the tense progressive or continuous  implies that the action continues, that shes still at the mall and not back yet. Direct speech:  She said, Im going to the mall.Indirect speech:  She said (that) she was going to the mall.Indirect speech: She said (that) she is going to the mall. Other Changes With a past-tense verb in the direct quote, the verb changes to past perfect. Direct speech:  She said,  I went to the mall.Indirect speech:  She said (that)  she had gone to the mall. Note the change in first person (I) and second person (your)  pronouns  and  word order  in the indirect versions. The person has to change because the one  reporting the action is not the one actually doing it. Third person (he or she) in direct speech remains in the third person. Free Indirect Speech In  free indirect speech, which is  commonly used in fiction, the reporting clause  (or signal phrase) is omitted. Using the technique is a way to follow a characters point of view- in third-person limited omniscient- and show her thoughts intermingled with narration. Typically in fiction italics show a characters exact thoughts, and quote marks show dialogue. Free indirect speech makes do without the italics and simply combines the internal thoughts of the character with the narration of the story. Writers who have used this technique include James Joyce, Jane Austen, Virginia Woolf, Henry James, Zora Neale Hurston, and D.H. Lawrence.

Identifying Understanding Masculine Rhyme

Identifying Understanding Masculine Rhyme A masculine rhyme happens when a rhyme is on the final syllable of a wordthat syllable is stressed Green and Mean are masculine rhymes, as are Invest and Undressed, Import and Short, and Intrude and Food. In looking at masculine rhymes, we have two separate components: the rhyme, and the stress. Rhyme Rhymes are simply identical (or very similar) sounds. An okay rhyme is head and pet, since both share the same vowel sound, but head and bed are a closer rhyme, because they share a vowel and a consonant sound. Rhymes dont have to be from the same letters, either. As we see above, invest and undressed rhyme, even though one ends in -st and one in -ssed. Its not about the letters themselves; its all about the sound they make. Stress Stress is a little trickier to understand. In English, we dont put the same amount of emphasis on every syllable in a word. A syllable is stressed when we put emphasis on it- beCAUSE, CHATtering, RUSHes, perSIMMon. Those syllables that are not stressed are, not surprisingly, known as unstressed. A good way to figure out which syllables are stressed and unstressed in a word is to play around with emphasizing difference syllables. Does IMpossible sound the same as imPOSSible or imposs-I-ble or impossiBLE? Some words have more than one stressed syllable, although one is usually more stressed than the others- REconSIDer (where the third syllable is more stressed than the first). Words that are only one syllable are usually automatically stressed, although it depends on their context within a sentence. So, to have a masculine rhyme, we need two (or more) words that end with the same sounds, and both have stressed last syllables. Sink and Wink and Think are all masculine rhymes. As are Overdue and Debut, and Combine and Sign. Not Gendered As you can see, masculine rhyme has nothing to do with gender. The term was coined long enough ago that stressed syllables, more powerful than unstressed syllables, were equated with the masculine; words ending with unstressed syllables (like RUSHing, HEAVen, and PURple) are all considered feminine endings- when those kinds of words rhyme, its known as feminine rhyme. How to Identify Masculine Rhyme For the most part, once you know the rules of masculine rhymes, theyre pretty easy to spot. As long as the words in question rhyme in their final (or only) syllable, and that syllable is stressed, the rhyme is masculine. Check out the poetry excerpts below for examples of masculine rhyme. Examples From John Donnes Holy Sonnet XIV: Batter my heart, three-personed God, for youAs yet but knock, breathe, shine, and seek to mend;That I may rise, and stand, o’erthrow me, and bendYour force to break, blow, burn, and make me new. So we have two rhymes here you/new and mend/bend. Since all of these words are one syllable long, they are automatically stressed. Rhyme? Check. Stressed syllable? Check. These are masculine rhymes. From On the Dangers of Open Water by Liz Wager: This beauty we dont understand will sweepus out to sea. We look for it belowour bows, but if we try to understandthe workings of that beauty we perceive,were driven mad by all we cannot know.We force ourselves to roam between the strandstill, like Narcissus, drown to find reprieve. Here, we have a couple different rhymes: below/know, understand/strands, perceive/reprieve. (While understand and strands are not perfect rhymes, theyre pretty close.) In this example, there are multi-syllable words: they all end with a stressed syllable- perCEIVE, rePRIEVE, and beLOW. Stressed final syllables? Yes. Rhymes? Yes. Another example of masculine rhyme. Why Do Poets Use Masculine Rhyme? In addition to knowing what masculine rhyme is, and how to identify it, its also helpful to understand why a poet might use it in a poem, or what masculine rhyme contributes to a poem. There are several ways to emphasize particular words in a poem. Placement in a line, stress, and rhyme all make words stand out. In the above examples, all the masculine rhymes occur at the end of the line; just by having that white space to their right, these words are more prominent, more visible. Our eyes linger on those final words before we move onto the next line. Stress, too, emphasizes a word; words like to, the, an, a, and, if, or, at, etc., are usually all unstressed in poetic lines, while stressed words have more meaning, more life. And, when words are rhymed, they stand out. The more times we hear a certain sound repeated, the more we pay attention to that sound- just think about the poetry of Dr. Seuss! So, having masculine rhymes (especially those at the end of lines) help a poet to really emphasize the important words of a poem. Whether a reader realizes it or not, stressed syllables and words tend to stick in our memories better, as do the repetition of sounds that we find in rhyme. So, the next time you read a poem that incorporates rhyme (such as a sonnet or a pantoum), check to see if it is making use of masculine rhyme, and how that use is impacting your reading experience.

To be labeled or not be labeled Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

To be labeled or not be labeled - Essay Example Disability, in itself reflects a social attitude of a child in terms of those ways in which he reacts towards his social circle. So, it is not just 'being labeled a child' as Anita Ho describes but it is all about 'labeling a child according to his attitude or mental capabilities and it is necessary so that a child bears no more trouble in getting up to the expectations of his family, friends and teachers, because it is also seen in umpteen cases that teachers unconsciously builds too much of expectations from a child, to which a child is also aware of and when he assumes that he fail to fulfill their expectations, he emotionally gets disturbed. So, it is better to label children than to outrage their personalities due to too many expectations. contact with them including family and friends. ... His family of course has built up many high hopes with his educational carrier. What if despite knowing his mental capability he fails to get up to his family and teacher's expectation Well, I think this would bring him feelings of guilt and embarrassment, which is too much of considering him as 'labeled'. Mother is the closest personality to a child, and as mentioned by Niedecken (2003) she is bound to fulfill the nameless anxieties. In the attempt to bind these anxieties, the mother develops some phantasies around her child, which later take the form of unintentional expectations. These expectations do not allow her to get her child exposed to the outer world of hate and sympathy. So, it is already difficult for mothers to find a way of giving expression to negative feelings towards their child, feelings that are generated by a situation that demands so many sacrifices from them for the child's sake. So it is especially difficult when the mother sees herself confronted with a situation in which she has to protect her child from the animosity of an environment, which is hostile towards people with learning disabilities. (Niedecken, 2003, p. 72) In these circumstances it is better to be labeled among other 'labeled' children than to be a victim of hate of the outer 'unlabeled' world. 3) Anita Ho is right about the perception usually adopted by the gatherings of a 'labeled' child as the label simply covers all his capabilities due to which he is not considered as a 'normal' or 'winning' personality. Niedecken (2003) while highlighting one of the main causes of learning disability suggests that it is in fact created in a child by adopting all those ways and measures due to which a child

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business ethics - Essay Example These issues not only affect an individual but also affect the organization and the society at large. Various issues related business ethics have been witnessed throughout the semester but job discrimination stands out as the most serious issues according to the journal entry considerations. Job discrimination leads to many problems that go beyond affecting an organization is various ways to causing a serious psychological effect to the discriminated employee. Job or employee discrimination involves unequal treatment of two individual having the same qualifications for a particular job or task. It could involve preferring one employee for an available post to others because of distinct characteristics. These distinctive traits may be skin colour, origin, religion, gender, race, nationality, or any other distinctive traits among individuals. The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission witnessed a number of cases concerning employee discrimination at the workplace. This b usiness issue led a number of employers to face charges against such ethical issues in their businesses and organizations. Workplace discrimination is seen as morally wrong and is moreover expensive for businesses and employers. Some of the consequences that businesses face due to employee discrimination are low working morale, high turnover, and legal action among other effects. This happens irrespective of the form of discrimination exercised in the workplace of any organization (Becker 1971). Discrimination in occupation and employment may take various forms. The discrimination can also take place in various work settings but the impacts of such discrimination actions are seemingly similar. Discrimination entails different treatment of individuals due to certain characteristic, which mainly include colour, sex, and race. This discrimination results business issues such as impairment of opportunity and treatment equality (Anonymous Employee 2013). Discrimination therefore reinforc es employment inequalities in the workplace. Employment discrimination is an ethical issue, which brings restrictions on the freedom of people in developing their various capabilities, choosing, as well as pursuing their professional aspirations (Floten 2004). There is hardly any regard for employee abilities when deciding who to choose for a particular job specification, or when promoting individuals based on various requirements by an organization. In such a case, it would be difficult for a business to initiate a good working environment where skills and competencies can be developed adequately (Schulz 2005). The same ethical issue would create an environment whereby rewards to work are completely denied but instead, workers go through many cases of humiliations, job frustrations, as well as a feeling of powerlessness towards achievement of certain goals. This aspect comes from the fact that some employees feel that they are discriminated or some of the workers are favoured more than others are (Murphy & Enderle 1995). The problem of job discrimination still persists in many countries despite the various programs that have been initiated to curb the ethical issue and the effects of the problem. The problem becomes even worse as people of different origins, skin colour, and race interact in the work environment of all world economies. Discrimination in employment is mainly seen in cases whereby people of common attributes

Why is the Walt Disney Company so successful Essay Example for Free

Why is the Walt Disney Company so successful Essay As the process of globalization develops continuously, multinational corporations are much more common nowadays which means intercultural communication has become an important part of daily work in thousands of millions of cross-cultural offices. This thesis will mainly concentrate on discussing and analyzing the Walt Disney Company’s experience of intercultural communication and the useful information we can learn from it so that some misunderstandings and problems can be avoided in some business activities. This thesis will discuss and answer the following questions: 1. What is the Walt Disney Company? 2. What is a cross-cultural working environment like in the Walt Disney World Resort, Orlando, Florida? How do the coordinators deal with different employers from different cultures? 3. What happened when Disney first entered French market? What happened when it first entered Japan? What are the cultural reasons behind these different phenomena? 4. Comparing to other multinational corporations like Starbucks and Ikea, what is the advantage of Disney and what can we use for reference from its experience? Some researches have already been done on related subjects such as intercultural communication management, the importance of cross-cultural communication in business, and the effectiveness of intercultural communication in Human Resource area, etc. Based on these researches, however, my view point as a cast member of the Walt Disney World Resort can be creative and objective. Chapter I What is the Walt Disney Company? In this session, a brief introduction of the Walt Disney Company will be given especially the history of its process of globalization when it tried to get into France, Japan and Hongkong China. Chapter â… ¡ College Exchange Program in the Walt Disney World Resort After providing some information of College Exchange Program, I will concentrate on analyzing Disney’s methods of dealing with foreign Cast Members’ culture shock, cultural conflicts, and coordinators’ different training ways according to their different cultural backgrounds. Besides, a survey will be made to collect CPs’ opinions on how to improve the program or how will their future application affect intercultural communication. Chapter â… ¢ How to Deal with the Frustration in France? In this part, I will introduce the history of Disney first entering France and the cultural crisis it came across there. I will illustrate both the efforts and mistakes made by Disney as well. Comparing to the process it first entering Japan, I will try to engage the different cultural backgrounds with these different phenomena. Chapter â… £ Useful References of Disney’s Experience Comparison will be made in this part between Disney and other multinational corporations and some useful references we can get so as to use them to avoid misunderstandings, sometimes even serious problems in business field.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay -- Illegal Drugs Narcotics essays rese

Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana is a big topic these days. Many people want to make sure that marijuana stays illegal. Yet they do not know all the facts about marijuana. They just think that marijuana is bad. I believe that marijuana should be made legal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, marijuana refers to the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, which contain the narcotic chemical THC at various potencies. It is smoked or eaten to produce the feeling of being "high". Marijuana has been used for thousands of years for medical, social, relaxation, and religious reasons. Several of our presidents are believed to have smoked it. Those presidents include Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and many others. John F. Kennedy smoked it to relieve his back pain. Also, many of America's great leaders were hemp farmers. This includes good ol' George Washington. Archeologists believe that cannabis was possibly the first plant farmed by humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think that marijuana is addictive, but this is false. Marijuana is less habit forming than either sugar or chocolate. When users take marijuana, it doesn't lead to violence-related crimes. Most users commit crime because they want to get marijuana, but this problem can be easily solved if the government would legalize marijuana again. When you take marijuana, it doesn't make you violent, in fact it leads to non-violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There has never been a case that a person died from smoking marijuana. THC is one of the few chemic...

Epic Poetry and Beowulf

British Literature Beowulf Character Analysis Beowulf Beowulf is an epic poem set in Scandinavia during the sixth century. This epic was originally handed down through generations in spoken form by traveling minstrels. It was finally put in writing during the eleventh century. The poem reflects the culture of the time and the Anglo Saxon era. Beowulf is well known in Great Britain as a hero and great warrior. Beowulf exemplifies the traits of the Anglo-Saxon warrior code which include courage, confidence, and pride. Beowulf is a very courageous character and recounts his acts of courage to every person who will listen.In the poem Beowulf tells of his previous courageous actions in destroying a tribe of giants, defeating sea monsters in the night and returning from battle covered in his enemies blood. Beowulf has come to King Hrothgar to fight an ogre. A monster that has brought misery and death to the Danes for many years. This ogre, Grendel, killed thirty of Hrothgar’s men an d caused the great mead hall of Herot to be closed. Beowulf tells King Hrothgar â€Å"the monster’s scorn of men Is so great that he needs no weapons and fears none.Nor will I† (lines 262-264) Therefore Beowulf intends to fight the Grendel without his armor or his sword. Beowulf may be so courageous because he believes so strongly in fate shaping his successes in the past. Beowulf believes that if it is his fate to win against Grendel then he will win. If it is his fate to die during the fight then that is just as God plans it to be. He tells the King that â€Å"my hands Alone shall fight for me, struggle for life Against the monster. God must decide Who will be given to death’s cold grip†(lines. 267-269). Beowulf will accept death if it is his fate. Beowulf does fight Grendel and wins.Then Beowulf must fight Grendel’s mother who is seeking revenge for her son’s death. These battles are described in detail as brutal and savage. Beowulf kills both monsters despite their strength and demonic powers. When Beowulf returns to the king holding Grendel’s head as a trophy his courage awes everyone in attendance. Beowulf is very confident in his ability to defeat anyone or anything he fights. His great physical strength and enormous size contribute to his being seen as a confident warrior. His recounting of his success in previous battles reinforce the attribute of confidence.The description of his going into battle with Grendel and then with the vengeful mother reflects his confidence in battle. Even as Beowulf enters into old age he ‘utters his final boast: â€Å"I’ve never know fear, as a youth I fought In endless battles, I am old now, But I will fight again† ’(lines 622-626). He intends to fight a dragon even in his old age without fear because fate will decide the outcome. He tells his followers â€Å"no man but me Could hope to defeat this monster. No one Could try† (lines 645-647 ). In his confidence he explains that no one is as strong and courageous as himself.Then he enters the dragon’s lair and â€Å"lowered His sword and roared out a battle cry, A call so loud and clear that it reached through the hoary rock, hung in the dragon‘s Ear†(lines 662-666). Beowulf is warning the dragon that he is about to face a fierce battle to the death. The character of Beowulf is also very prideful. Throughout the epic Beowulf’s pride in himself is evident. He boasts of his background and success in battles. When Beowulf enters the port belonging to King Hrothgar the sentry questions his purpose. Beowulf then goes into his history saying â€Å"My father Was a famous soldier, known far and wide as a leader of men.His name was Edgetho†¦Wise men all over the earth surely Remember him still† (lines 174-179). He wants men to know that he is the son of someone famous. Then when he greets King Hrothgar he informs him that â€Å"the days Of my youth have been filled with glory† (lines 237-238). He boasts of his glorious successes of youth. He goes on to say â€Å"My people have said, the wisest, most knowing, And best of them, that my duty was to go to the Danes’ Great king. They have seen my strength for themselves, Have watched me rise from the darkness of war, Dripping, with my enemies’ blood†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (lines 244-246).He recounts his success in battle against giants and hunting monsters in the ocean. He tells the king â€Å"Now Grendel and I are called Together, and I’ve come† (lines 254-255). He is saying that his own people know that only he can defeat such an enemy and that it is fate that brings him to battle Grendel. His pride caused him to display trophies such as Grendel’s torn arm which he hung high for everyone to see. Then he presented the head of Grendel’s mother to the king. Later in life Beowulf’s last battle is against a dragon.The pride of Be owulf made it necessary for him to explain why he had to use weapons to kill the dragon rather than killing it with his bare hands. He explains to his men â€Å"I’d use no sword, no weapon, if this beast Could be killed without it, crushed to death like Grendel, gripped in my hands and torn Limb form limb. But his breath will be burning Hot, poison will pour from his tongue† (lines 630-634). Beowulf wants his men to know that if he could kill the dragon without weapons he would. He then tells them â€Å"No one else could do What I mean to, here, no man but me Could hope to defeat this monster, No one Could try† (lines 644-647).Beowulf is the shining example of what it is to be an Anglo Saxon warrior. He is everything that a hero should be. He is courageous going into battle and during battle. His character battles the worst enemies in the most brutal conflicts. He is confident that he can defeat men and monsters. He is proud of his heritage and his accomplishmen ts in battle. He boasts about previously won battles and must display trophies of current defeats. He dies as a hero should die in a battle with a dangerous enemy.

The Last Supper by Leonardo Davinci

The Last Supper by Leonardo Ad Vinci The renaissance marked a point in time in which it was the most advanced society had ever been. The renaissance sparked a revolution in art. Artwork became more realistic. Although religious topics continued to be a dominant subject matter, artists used linear perspective, greater facial expressions, and three-dimensional techniques to make paintings more realistic. The Last Supper by Leonardo Ad Vinci, created during the Renaissance, exhibits many of those values from that period, including the portrayal of religious subjects and the use of a realistic style and respective.Leonardo was born on April 15, 1452 in Vinci, Italy (â€Å"Louvre†). Leonardo father was 25 and his name was San Piper and his mother was a peasant named Catering. After Leonardo birth, his father took custody and his mother went on and married someone else. Leonardo had ended up with a total of 17 half brothers and sisters (â€Å"Leonardo Ad Vinci Paintings†). He had access to many scholarly texts while growing up. He also grew up amidst Vine's long tradition of art (â€Å"Renaissance†). At the age of 15, Leonardo became an apprentice at Andrea del Overreach in Florence.Even though he was an apprentice, he was better than his master. In 1477, he left his apprenticeship and opened his own shop(â€Å"Renaissance†). Looking to make some money, he entered the service of the Duke Ludicrous Sports and duchess Beatrice detest of Milan in 1482. He spent 17 years in their service, painting, sculpting, and designing weapons, buildings, and machinery. During those years his artistic and scientific achievements peaked. While in the service of the Duke and the Duchess, he studied nature, aviation, thematic, and engineering, including designing the churches and fortresses.He also designed weapons, including tanks and submarines. In addition, he studied anatomy, producing many sketches of the human form. He was interested in so many things, that he usually didn't finish what he started. One exception to this is The Last Supper (â€Å"Renaissance†). In 1495, the Duke commissioned him to paint The Last Supper (â€Å"Leonardo Ad Vine's Life†). The painting is fairly big, measuring about xx Ft. It is a mural, which meaner it was painted directly on a wall. This mural was painted on a dining hall in a monastery in Milan, Italy (â€Å"Louvre†).He drew upon his skills as an inventor and decided to paint it on a dry wall rather than on wet plaster. This meaner that the painting is not a true fresco. A fresco requires the artist to work on the painting continuously until it is done. He instead used geese to seal the wall to give him more time to work on the project and not have to do so continuously. He preserved the painting with tempera, but his method did not work well. The painting began deteriorating soon after it was completed (â€Å"Louvre†).The painting, which took Leonardo three years to com plete, represents the scene of Jesus' last supper with his apostles as described in the Bible. At the supper, he told his apostles that one of them would betray him. The faces of the individuals in the painting exhibit their realistic emotions in response to this announcement. Each of the apostles react differently. Some were surprised and some look upset. The first group on the left consists of Bartholomew, James and Andrew. They are all surprised. The next group includes Judas, Simon, and John.In one hand Judas is holding the bag f silver that he received for betraying Jesus and in his other hand, he is reaching for a piece of bread which represents Chrism's body in the Bible. In the Bible Jesus said that the first man to share bread with him would betray him. Simon is holding a knife which foreshadows the incident when he chopped of a man's ear defending Jesus. John the one that looks like a women, appears to be fainting. The third group is made up of Thomas, James, and Phillip w ho all appear shocked.The fourth group consists of Matthew, Jude, and Simon who seem to be discussing the matter. The Last Supper uses perspective for a three-dimensional effect. Leonardo used one point perspective. This perspective involves all parallel lines converging in one place called the vanishing point. This method makes the picture proportional and places emphasis on the object at the vanishing point(Rival 2). Jesus' face is at the center of the vanishing point representing his importance. Additionally, the painting uses balance, grouping the apostles in four equal groups of three with Jesus in the middle.There were also three windows. Three represents the holy trinity (â€Å"Leonardo Ad Vine's Life†). Leonardo representation of The Last Supper differed from earlier portrayals of the meal in a number of ways. Earlier depictions did not include Judas in the group. He was always off to the side. In Leonardo version, he is including in the group, but placed in a shadow. Earlier paintings also put halos around the apostles heads, but Leonardo chose to make it more realistic and left the halos off.Finally, the perspective of Leonardo version improved on the odd looking perspectives used in earlier paintings such as the painting by Disco in which it looks as if the table is on its side. Leonardo The Last Supper is a good example of a Renaissance piece of art because it shows many Renaissance values like portrayal of religious subjects and the use of a realistic style and perspective. The painting is three-dimensional and the figures show realistic emotions. All the subtle secrets you can see in the painting are very fascinating. The Renaissance has been one of the most interesting and smartest times in mankind.

Contingency - The Relationship Between Behavior and Reinforcement

Contingency - The Relationship Between Behavior and Reinforcement Definition: Contingency is the relationship between two events, one being contingent or a consequence of the other event. Behaviorism (ABA) sees all behavior as a response to an antecedent and driven by the consequences. All behaviors have a consequence, even if that relationship is not very clear either to the observer or the student who may be the focus of an intervention, either behavioral or instructional. The goal of an Applied Behavior Analysis intervention is to change behavior. It may be to increase the desired behavior, to replace a problematic behavior or to extinguish a dangerous or difficult behavior. In order to increase the desired behavior, the student needs to know that receiving reinforcement is directly related to the behavior, or contingent on the behavior. This relationship of contingency is incredibly important to the success of an Applied Behavior Analysis program. The success of establishing contingency requires quick reinforcement, clear communication, and consistency. Students who dont receive immediate reinforcement, or are not clear about the relationship of contingency, will not be as successful as those children who clearly understand the relationship or contingency. Examples: It took a while for the team at Jonathons school to help him understand the contingency between his behavior and receiving reinforcement, so they repeated a simple imitation program with direct, one to one reinforcement until he would comply regularly.

History of Accounting From Ancient Times to Today

History of Accounting From Ancient Times to Today Accounting is a system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions. For as long as civilizations have been engaging in trade or organized systems of government, methods of record keeping, accounting, and accounting tools have been in use. Some of the earliest known writings discovered by archaeologists are accounts of ancient tax records on clay tablets from Egypt and Mesopotamia dating back as early as 3300 to 2000 BCE. Historians hypothesize that the primary reason for the development of writing systems came out of a need to record trade and business transactions. Accounting Revolution When medieval Europe moved toward a monetary economy in the 13th century, merchants depended on bookkeeping to oversee multiple simultaneous transactions financed by  bank loans.   In 1458 Benedetto Cotrugli invented the double-entry accounting system, which revolutionized accounting. Double-entry accounting is defined as any bookkeeping system that involves a  debit and/or credit  entry for transactions. Italian mathematician and Franciscan monk Luca Bartolomes Pacioli, who invented a system of record keeping that used a memorandum, journal, and ledger, wrote many books on accounting. Father of Accounting Born in 1445 in Tuscany, Pacioli is known today as the father of accounting and bookkeeping. He wrote Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni et Proportionalita (The Collected Knowledge of Arithmetic, Geometry, Proportion, and Proportionality) in 1494, which included a 27-page treatise on bookkeeping. His book was one of the first published using the historical  Gutenberg press, and the included treatise was the first known published work on the topic of double-entry bookkeeping. One chapter of his book, Particularis de Computis et Scripturis (Details of Calculation and Recording), on the topic of record keeping and double-entry accounting, became the reference text and teaching tool on those subjects for the next several hundred years. The chapter  educated readers about the use of journals and ledgers; accounting for assets, receivables, inventories, liabilities, capital, income and expenses; and keeping a balance sheet and an income statement.   After Luca Pacioli wrote his book, he was invited to teach  mathematics  at the Court of Duke Lodovico Maria Sforza in Milan. Artist and inventor  Leonardo da Vinci  were one of Paciolis students. Pacioli and da Vinci became close friends. Da Vinci illustrated Paciolis manuscript  De Divina Proportione (Of Divine Proportion), and Pacioli taught da Vinci the mathematics of perspective and proportionality. Chartered Accountants The first professional organizations for accountants were established in Scotland in 1854, starting with the Edinburgh Society of Accountants and the Glasgow Institute of Accountants and Actuaries. The organizations were each granted a royal charter. Members of such organizations could call themselves chartered accountants. As companies proliferated, the demand for reliable accountancy shot up, and the profession rapidly became an integral part of the business and financial system. Organizations for chartered accountants now have been formed all over the world. In the U.S., the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants was established in 1887.

Characteristics of Successful Entrepeneurs Essay

Characteristics of Successful Entrepeneurs - Essay Example Significance of the Research When it comes to business, what makes one successful entrepreneurship is undoubtedly one of the most significant topics because successful entrepreneur finds business opportunity, seizes it and creates a market of his own by beating the competitors and achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Studying and exploring in to the essential characteristics of an entrepreneur would be helpful to understand what makes an entrepreneur and how he brings success to enterprises. As Volery, Doss and Mazzarol (p. 1) noted, entrepreneurship remains to be a driving force in the modern economy more than ever. It’s because, entrepreneurs meet the economic needs through the creation of thousands of business every years. Many businesses in recent days started ‘downsizing’ or ‘outsourcing’ processes, but entrepreneurs are those who create new ventures and new jobs that help strengthen the economy as a whole. Entrepreneur has played pivotal roles in today’s business developments, technological advances and all the radical changes that brought renaissance in business environments. People all over the world are able to meet their varying requirements and specific individual needs only because entrepreneurs in different parts of the world, no matter how smaller or larger they are, have found opportunities, thought creatively, innovated and established an enterprise to provide something valuable to the people. Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs Many researchers have obviously agreed with the very fundamental view of entrepreneurship as described by the father of entrepreneurship, Joseph A Schumpeter. According to him, entrepreneurship is innovation (Carsrud and Brannback , p. 7). Entrepreneur is one who perceives or finds an opportunity to be seized and then to create a new product or service or changes an existing one in order to create new marketable contribution to the economy (McDaniel, p. 57). An entr epreneur is not only an opportunity finder, but be a good manager with basic managerial skills like direction, coordination, supervision, decision making, risk bearing, control and problem solving etc (Brockhaus, p. 1). An entrepreneur doesn’t need to be a manager or not to function as a manager, but he must be skilled in managerial qualities and functional areas like those mentioned above. A basic difference that most literatures have described is that a manager is not always the owner of the enterprise and therefore he is relatively less responsible where as the entrepreneur is the owner of the business and more responsible too. The most essential and basic characteristics of entrepreneur are detailed below: Entrepreneur as an Innovator Innovation is one of the fundamental qualities of an entrepreneur. As Drucker (p. 17) noted, innovation is very specific tool that an entrepreneur is essentially required to have and with this he can find chances and make them opportunities for various business purposes. Finding opportunities for some thing new and bringing a vision in to reality through innovation is thus critical element to the success of an entrepreneur. Entrepreneur needs to be innovator for major innovations, start up of business, developing new products or services for a presently

Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals - Essay Example It makes me think of my own self and ponder on how much have I been true or sincere in relation to the nature I am. Nevertheless, I could not see how this applies in the way Nietzsche tries to make sense of his position in defining the ‘good’ by detailing where this ‘good’ is coming from and what it is fundamentally composed of. Perhaps there is an enlightening aspect of studying the points raised by Nietzsche in the first essay so as to arrive at learning his theory with appreciation, unfortunately, I am disposed to conclude that his ethics of the ‘good’ is not rooted in deep understanding of intrinsic human values. Human values that are inherent to us, I believe, are those based on humanity or bearing the elements of compassion or empathic virtue, but instead of establishing the foundation for his school of thought on this perspective, Nietzsche seems to choose being racial, external, and superficial in his judgment of the ‘good’. He expresses profound conviction that â€Å"everywhere ‘noble’ or ‘aristocratic’ in a social sense is the fundamental idea out of which ‘good’ in the sense of ‘spiritually noble’, ‘aristocratic’, ‘spiritually high-minded’, ‘spiritually privileged’ necessarily dev elop – a process which always runs in parallel with that other one which finally transforms ‘common’, ‘vulgar’, and ‘low’ into the concept ‘bad’†. Nietzsche is in great belief that those in power or of natural royal descent comprise the real â€Å"good† for their ethic noble is derived from self-affirmation and it is this self-affirmation that provides them the strength to actualize a positive character. Their aristocratic traits enable them to repel or drive away adversaries so that according to Nietzsche, they ought to exemplify the â€Å"good†. However, Nietzsche fails to elaborate from the physical to the inner self of what he considers as ‘noble’ that I feel the need to ask, what if these strong

Entrepreneurship in the global environment Essay

Entrepreneurship in the global environment - Essay Example The term Entrepreneurship deals with running a business organization from scratch. The person involved in the process is called an Entrepreneur. The term Entrepreneur not only deals with various attributes which can be found in a person which helps in enhancing business but also the threats that a person faces in the process of nurturing those attributes. This person is known as an Entrepreneur and he is continuously engaged in developing new ideas for a startup, innovating ways to ensure growth of a business, strategizing plans to survive in the market and designing tactics to mitigate challenges. There are many Entrepreneurs who start their own business venture and put their best efforts to ensure that their business reaches the initial breakeven point. The viability of the enterprise will be established at this stage. These Entrepreneurs takes all the responsibilities and ensure that all the business operations are carried out smoothly and issues are resolved with innovative solutions. It is their hard work and dedication that helps the business to sustain in the long run. The Entrepreneurs who join large business organizations have a different role. They operate in specialized areas and foster a business climate which would be favorable for innovation of new ideas. Lionel Martin was a British Entrepreneur who co-founded Aston Martin which is a company that deals with luxurious cars. His love and passion for cars helped him to come up with a venture like Aston Martin. This was an important factor for his success as an Entrepreneur.

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Asda Ltd Marketing Essay

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Asda Ltd Marketing Essay Introduction Asda is second largest supermarket chain in the UK which is taken over by the Wal-Mart and Wal-Mart consider it as a model acquisition and it was also claimed that the organisation is producing the desired result in the competitive market. This reflected by the following opinion of the Times. In accordance with the Times (2005), One of the unintended consequences of the planning rules is that it is unlikely the competitive landscape will be defined by competitive advantage. It is defined by who has got the land. I would not want to be judged as wanting something uncompetitive but there is a fundamental economic point. Maybe someone should be looking at this in terms of market share and customer choice.( Times, 2005, p 60) Through this paper the competitive business structure will considered and will also focus on the strategy how Asda can face the changes and response. The responsiveness of the Asda in line with the changed action plan is considered with the competitive nature of the market to ensure the growth and profitability. 1. Requirement One 1.1 Strengths and Weaknesses of ASDA Ltd As a second largest supermarket of UK, Asda is operating its business with some strengths and weaknesses which is listed as following diagram. Strengths Weaknesses Sufficient Shareholder More brands but lower selling of high brand products. Currently second largest supermarket chain in UK Asda cannot be compared with TESCO(first biggest supermarket chain) Provides best value rather money to the retailer Focus on selling of Asdas product rather the big brand like Nestle, Cadbury, Proctor and Gamble, Unilever. Having high profit margin Less stores compared to the competitors Efficient procurement system Focus on great profit Table: Strengths and Weaknesses of Asda (Skjottà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Larsen, 2007) 1.2 Strategies for Overcoming Weaknesses of ASDA According to Burt and Sparks (2006), company needs to focus on the weaknesses to overcome which helps to achieve the goals and objectives in line with the increased profit margins of the organisation. Moreover, seeking initiatives to reduce cost is not an only pathway to increase profit margin. But, the reduced cost adds efficiency to overcome the weaknesses of the organisation. In this case, Burt, and Sparks (2001) argued that, Asda needs to continue the expansion strategy to increase the profit of the organisation which contributes to overcome the weaknesses. In addition, Asda needs to focus on the high branded product selling. 1.3 Mitigating impact of the Weaknesses Yasemin and Mahoney, (2004) stated that, In order to overcome the core weaknesses Asda decided to increase its investment up to  £1 billion over the periods of last three years. In addition, Asda focuses on the improvement of the core business in the field of the business expansion. Particularly, Funk, (2003) considered as, Asda focused on the South to expand the business through opening new stores. Additionally, this expansion strategy is building assistance to make the demands of the products and made the organisation more competitive. However, (Skjottà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Larsen, 2007) added that, Asda can overcome the weaknesses through the following actions. Labelling own products Ensuring computerised point of sale equipment Ensuring more centralised distribution networks, Making store refurbishment 2. Requirement Two 2.1 Comparative Measurement of Performance The performance extent is shown in the following figure which brought the result of 2009. In this table, the performance results of two years are clear. Eventually, Asda make sure the outperformance compared with the Tesco (Britains largest supermarket chain) which is substantial margin Retail Week (2009), stated that, Comparisons with Sainsbury are difficult over this period as it has been such a problematic period for that company, but on most measures it is clear to see how Asda has closed the gap and overtaken Sainsbury. (Retail Week, 2009, p21) However, Asda have the lower profit growth than the Tesco in the area of the operating profit growth and operating margin performance. Particularly, Asdas sales area growth is closely matched with the Asdas space. It is completely depends upon the sales density increase which brought the result that Asda performing better than Tesco. But, the absolute performance is laying on the favour of Tesco. Figure 1: Comparative Performance of Top UK supermarket Chain 1998-9 to 2009. Source: Institute of Grocery Distribution (2009). 2.2 Existing Performance Strengthen Strategy Wal-Mart designed to move on the improvement of the Asdas performance as the organisation has been taken over by the Wal-Mart in spite of the previous coping of the business. Currently, Asda is providing good service to the customer. But, Competition Commission (2008) argued that, this will not exist if the company cannot keep on the current performance in the service sector. However, Asda is trying to keep the current performance and also trying to increase the performance and growth. For that reason, Asda designed the strategy to focus on the food retailing because the non food items were weaker and the company designed to maintain the George clothing strategy. In accordance with Fernie et al., (2006), the strategy needs to focus on the following factor. Popularity of the Asda Customer responsiveness towards Asda Interaction with the shareholder and stakeholder Trustworthiness of brand 2.3 New Areas for Expanding Business Grean and Shaw, (2007) argued that, the financial crisis for investment is one of the key issues to expand the business. Moreover, Asda faced huge debt crisis in the early 1990s and now the company is stable due to the efficient business operation which is helping to expand business. But, to raise money the company has sold development sites to its rival Tesco. Currently, Asda is trying to expand the superstores in the different location and trying to expand the business in the international market. Particularly, the new area of business expansion is international market. Moreover, the company have merged with the Kingfisher which is the leading non food retailer. Specially, Asda have the areas of business in the non food item and branded product selling like PG, Nestle, and Unilever. However, Asda has the different business operation and trying to produce own labelled product to conduct the business. 2.4 Critical Analysis Asda has different strategy to operate the supermarket stores and the company always try to focus on the multi-format competitors. Furthermore, Grean and Shaw, (2007) added that, Asda focused on the business extension through opening new stores to the portfolio. Additionally, Asda focused on developing the Asda Wal-Mart supercentres which considered as the amongst the larger supermarket chain in the UK. But, this strategy has been more matched in the Tesco hypermarket format. Notably, Fitzsimmons et al., (2004) mentioned that, the core of the portfolio has mentioned in the Asda superstore which were the difficult to expand. However, the result of the supermarket chain less total supercentres or hypermarket and the superstore were full space rather than the Tesco and Sainsbury (see figure 1). In addition, the other supermarket chains have seen that how the multi-format approaches is adopted to assure the performance management. By contrasting this, Asda refused to shift in convenience stores and stopped some smaller store and focused to develop the non-food superstore chains. 3. Requirement Three 3.1 Assessment of Current Business Objectives and Plans Asda is a part of Wal-Mart and one of the known first line supermarket chain in the UK. Asda promises to provide the products at lower cost as a retailer. Moreover, Asda prefer to focus on the value rather money and Asda believes the money lies at the heart of everything. In addition, Asda is designed the objectives to provide the product at cheaper rate which is affordable and convenient for the customers. On the other hand, Grean and Shaw, (2007) stated that, Asda reduce the packaging cost so that the product price is laid on the limit. Recently Asda stated that, the company will reduce the 25 percent packaging cost across the country which is determined for the next 12 months. However, the main objective is designed as to reduce the cost of Asdas products, offering better quality product at lower price, to recycle the wastage, to build the sustainable business, to provide the highly competitive service. Notably, the company successfully operates its activities in the competitive m arket. 3.2 Incorporating Appropriate Changes According to Funk (2003), every business organisation has the unquestionable and inescapable objective and the objective is to become profitable. Particularly, to ensure the profitability and growth Asda needs to change the operations considering the circumstances of the business and need to bring the strategic change of the operation to achieve the aims and objectives of the organisation. Asda need to change operation management and make the supermarket enjoyable and happy shopping for the customers. Moreover, Fitzsimmons et al (2004) added that, the organisational culture needs to design in the friendly way. On the one hand, the organisation need to consider the advertisement through the social media and social networking site rather than the newspaper, radio, magazine, and television. On the other hand, Asda needs to consider the loyal customer and provide the loyalty advantage so that the customer retention strategy can be more efficient. Furthermore, Caves (2007) asserted that, the working environment need to change and need to designed as the pleasant, happy, and enjoyable working environment. The employees are the key factor to provide better service and ensure growth for the organisation. So, Asda needs to change the benefit package for the employees. 3.3 Action Plan for the implementation of Changes As the working place aimed to provide the better pleasant, happy, and enjoyable working place, Asda needs to plan for adjusting the changes in line with providing various incentives, bonus, benefits, like staff discount, pension from the company, and share package for the various opportunities for the promotions in the job as well as the salary of the organisation. According to Rahman (2004), Asda need to design its action to the customer to achieve the more customer retention and market share the company needs to design the lower product price which attract customers. The information that are shared with the customer need to relevant and authentic which is considered as the good manner and the public safety notices, price reduction notices, charity fund raising campaign etc. Customers become more trustworthy when Asda share the legal and authentic information with the customers. 3.4 Results of the Changes The changes have logically brought about the particular effect on non food pricing which brought the customer satisfaction. Moreover, Asda will have logical impact of the changes to buying scale of the products. Humby et al., (2007) argued that, Asda has notable reduction of the non food price which will reduce the clothing products due to the changes of the action plan. Additionally, Womack et al., (2007) added that, the branded clothing products sale will be increased and the business expansion will be ensured. So, sharp price reduction can be brought about the customer acquisition and retention which will increase the market share. For that change in the operation management the organisation will be awarded the improved the considerable growth. 3.5 Demonstration of Results Experts has doubt that, Wal-Mart has huge effect on Asda. For that reason, one question always arised that, how Asda can be able to response with the changes though Asda operating business in the competitive nature of the market. Retail Week (2009) expressed that; the turnover will be rise when the operating profit will be increased as a result of the business performance of the Asda. However, Zhao (2004) asserted as, Asda will hve lower margin if the company dont reduce the product price. The cost reduction of the Asda is a positive impact which leads to customer retention. Moreover, the expected growth of the generated profit sharing is designed to increase the product sale. This result will lead Asda to takeover other business and expand its business. The result will make sure Asdas profit margin up wards trend which increase the growth of the organisation. 4. Requirement Four 4.1 Impact of the Proposed Changes The proposed changes which already describe in the report will have the particular impact on Asda. For that reason, the quality of the products as well as the maintaining systems needs to revise. Asda needs to consider its resources to response with the changes of its operations. However, the quality of the products is comprised with the huge resources, tools, and systems along with the systems of the organisation which is determined by the shareholders and stakeholders. To maintain the standard quality Asda needs to check the quality of the products which helps organisation to increase the return. For that reason Pal and Byrom (2005), stated that, There are staff as well as the managerial procedures are taken for the monitoring of the high standards of quality in Asda for the impact of the proposed changes. (Pal and Byrom, 2005, p 16-149) 4.2 Change Management As Wal-Mart has taken over Asda and is operating with more dynamic strategies, Asda can control the change management more easily and more conveniently (Guy, 2007). However, the change management is designed to develop the probable strategy which is completely designed to control the variables which has the common impact on the business. Moreover, Hughes et al., (2009) stated that, Asda needs to follow the change management from production to inventory. In that case, Asda control the entire factor including production plant, inventory, administration, and the shareholder as well as stakeholder. Finally the tools like just in time, machine utilisation control, stock control, quality control, and food additives can be used to ensure change management. 4.3 Business Performance Chief executive Andy Clarke (2012) has been quick to state that Asda has momentum and, a year after the  £778m acquisition of Netto, its hard to argue against the statement. The business performance can be shown through the statement of the Andy Clarke. Asda business performance is continuously improving which is shown from the figure one and the second largest supermarket chain has conceptualised the overall annual growth of the business. Gielens et al., (2008) argued that, Asdas administration argued that, over the half million people check the online superstore per week. The overall business performance of the organisation defiantly increased if the company can go through like the current scope of the organisation. So this is good observation for the organisation to increase the margin. Conclusion and Recommendation Based on the above discussion, it is clear that, Asda is strong retail business in the UK and currently it is considered as the second largest supermarket chain in the UK. But, it is also important to consider that, the Wal-Mart has huge contribution behind the recognition and business expansion. Asda has expertise to make sure the positive feedback of the organisation. Besides, the organisation has the operational efficiencies, technological development, and massive buying power which can easily response with the changes of the action plan. Despite all of this however, Asda has not been able to close the gap on the UK market leader, Tesco, and has been reduced to calling for government intervention and for it to be cut down to size. In that respect it is fair to ask what has gone wrong with Asda. Finally, Asda can adapt in organizational change which ensure the ability to increase the profit margin and up word indication of future growth of business.